Clinical Guidelines and Position Statements
NICE - National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition
NICE guideline for [NG154] published 26 February 2020. This guideline covers parenteral nutrition (intravenous feeding) for babies born preterm, up to 28 days after their due date and babies born at term, up to 28 days after their birth.
NICE Guideline Quality standard [QS205] was published in March 2022. This quality standard covers parenteral nutrition (intravenous feeding) for babies born preterm, up to 28 days after their due date, and babies born at term, up to 28 days after their birth. It describes high-quality care and priority areas for improvement.
- Neonatal Respiratory Care
NICE guideline [NG 124] published in April 2019. This guideline covers neonatal respiratory care in preterm babies. Includes a section on non-nutritive sucking for premature babies on enteral feeds.
ESPGHAN - European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology,
Hepatology and Nutrition
ESPGHAN publishes position papers on numerous topics including many relating to infant and childhood nutrition including guidelines for enteral and parenteral feeding of preterm infants. These are available to download from: http://www.espghan.org/guidelines/nutrition/.
ESPGHAN 2022 Enteral_Nutrition_in_Preterm_Infants__2022___A.204.pdf
- Position on probiotics and preterm infants - February 2020
- Position on feeding the late and moderately preterm infant - May 2019
- ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition - May 2018
UNICEF Baby Friendly Neonatal Standards
The Baby Friendly Initiative is a global programme of UNICEF and the World Health Organization which aims to improve practice for infant feeding in health care settings. You can find information on Baby Friendly Neonatal Standards and their implementation here.
BDA Guidelines
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Guideline for the preparation and handling of expressed and donor breast milk and specialist feeds for infants and children in neonatal and paediatric healthcare settings
These guidelines include handling and storage of expressed and donor breastmilk in UK hospitals. Produced in 2016 and updated in 2019.
Link: BDA guideline for storage and handling of EBM and DBM.pdf
Weaning Preterm Infants
There are few randomised controlled trials in the field of preterm weaning, however, what evidence exists suggests that the majority of preterm babies could benefit from starting solids at a similar time to term babies i.e., around 6 months corrected age. This is a change from previous advice which suggested using actual age.
Those with long-term issues which might impact upon weaning may require more individual advice from the neonatal team following them up.
Parents are advised to use cues as to the developmental readiness of their individual baby, rather than reference to a particular age. Within this cue-based approach, it is suggested that appropriate cues are unlikely to occur before 5 months corrected age and should have occurred by around 6 months corrected age.
Written weaning advice is available via the baby charity, BLISS. This advice has been formulated by a group of neonatal therapists (representing dietitians, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and psychologists) who have consulted within their professional groups.
The current booklet from 2017 is available from the BLISS website.
Last updated November 2022